But Why?
But Why?
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Your Brain on Marijuana
How the brain works has always been a particular source of wonder to me. I was fascinated in how the dynamics of literal brain chemistry can change the entire computational process.
Recently I have been wondering more and more about what exactly "being high" means. What is happening on a biomolecular level when we ingest cannabis? What changes in neurons that causes things to be perceived so differently?
This video wound up requiring the most reading I've ever done on a topic. The exact biomolecular mechanisms are nuanced and still not completely fleshed out. Especially with regards to processes beyond the dopaminergic pathways.
But this should be a pretty comprehensive overview of getting you up to speed on what's happening.
Used Sources:
The endocannabinoid system - doi.org/10.1042/ebc20190086
Review of the Endocannabinoid System - doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.bpsc.2020.07.016
An Introduction to the Endogenous Cannabinoid System - doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.028
Sustained Elevation of Dendritic Calcium Evokes Widespread Endocannabinoid Release and Suppression of Synapses onto Cerebellar Purkinje Cells - doi.org/10.1523%2FJNEUROSCI.1280-06.2006
Adenylyl Cyclase - www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/topics/cyclase.html
NEUROTRANSMITTER IDENTIFICATION AND ACTION: IONOTROPIC RECEPTORS VERSUS METABOTROPIC RECEPTORS - openbooks.lib.msu.edu/introneuroscience1/chapter/neurotransmitter-action-ionotropic-receptors/
Endocannabinoid System and Exogenous Cannabinoids in Depression and Anxiety: A Review - doi.org/10.3390%2Fbrainsci13020325
Endocannabinoid modulation of dopamine neurotransmission - doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.neuropharm.2017.04.033
CB1 Cannabinoid Receptors and their Associated Proteins - doi.org/10.2174%2F092986710790980023
Voltage-dependent modulation of N-type calcium channels by G-protein β γsubunits - doi.org/10.1038/380255a0
VTA GABA Neurons at the Interface of Stress and Reward - doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2019.00078
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Are Expressed in a Subset of Dopamine Neurons and Underlie Cannabinoid-Induced Aversion, Hypoactivity, and Anxiolytic Effects in Mice - doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1493-22.2022
Optogenetic brain-stimulation reward: A new procedure to re-evaluate the rewarding versus aversive effects of cannabinoids in dopamine transporter-Cre mice - doi.org/10.1111%2Fadb.13005
Переглядів: 23 212

Відео

The Humanly Infinite
Переглядів 237 тис.5 місяців тому
Today we explore this paradox of the ‘humanly infinite’ - the idea that there are concepts and numbers in our universe that, while they can be defined and understood mathematically, are beyond our ability to tangibly comprehend or visualize.
Astro Alchemy: Where Rare Elements Come From
Переглядів 180 тис.8 місяців тому
How do you make gold? Simply bombard a nucleus with countless neutrons before it can decay. Special Thanks to Prof. Rob Jeffries from the Keele Astrophysics Group for his expertise in this area. Further reading: r-process nucleosynthesis and kilonovae from hypermassive neutron star post-merger remnants - doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stac3128 The Complete Explanation of the Nuclear Magic Numbers - www....
Why does E=MC²?
Переглядів 849 тис.11 місяців тому
Let's find out.
How Does Fusion Produce Energy?
Переглядів 245 тис.Рік тому
What exactly are the mechanisms holding atoms together and why does bringing them together create energy? Relevant Papers: On the Mechanism of Nucleon-Nucleon Attraction by Pion Exchange - doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2018.98090 A reappraisal of the mechanism of pion exchange and its implications for the teaching of particle physics - hst-archive.web.cern.ch/archiv/HST2002/feynman/Pion exchange.pdf Orig...
What Do You Mean Mass is Energy?
Переглядів 333 тис.Рік тому
As a kid I had no idea what it meant when I was told "Mass is Energy" and "Mass can be converted into energy". No matter how many times someone repeated that "They are just the same thing" it didn't click. Well hopefully this can clear things up to younger me. Further Reading: Inside the Proton, the ‘Most Complicated Thing You Could Possibly Imagine’ - www.quantamagazine.org/inside-the-proton-t...
When Do Black Holes Form?
Переглядів 399 тис.Рік тому
Special thanks to Professor of Astrophysics Robin Jeffries for being a primary source for this video. Thanks again to William Norberg for making the custom intro. Check out his art here: blenderfoto Further Reading: BLACK HOLE FORMATION IN FAILING CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE - iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/730/2/70 THE FORMATION OF STELLAR BLACK HOLES - arxiv.org/ftp/...
The Most Important Person in the Universe
Переглядів 47 тис.Рік тому
Be kind to yourself. Thanks again to William Norberg for making some assets for me. Check out his art here: blenderfoto
Thorium and Fast Neutron Nuclear Reactors
Переглядів 72 тис.Рік тому
Today we are discussing Generation IV nuclear reactors and the prospect of Thorium fuels and Fast Neutron reactors. Special thanks to Ludovic Mathieu, LP2i Bordeaux (CNRS and Univ. of Bordeaux laboratory) for answering many of my questions and helping clear up uncertainties. Thanks again to William Norberg for making the custom intro. Check out his art here: blenderfoto Sources: ...
How to turn Nuclear Waste into Nuclear Fuel
Переглядів 102 тис.2 роки тому
Today we're looking at the nuclear waste issue and what we could do about it. Special thanks to Ludovic Mathieu, LP2i Bordeaux (CNRS and Univ. of Bordeaux laboratory) for answering many of my questions and helping clear up uncertainties. Thanks again to William Norberg for making the custom intro. Check out his art here: blenderfoto Sources: 3D Models: Breno_dAquino - PWR reactor...
You Are Always Mutating
Переглядів 48 тис.2 роки тому
Cancer is a spooky demon. It's the inevitable accumulation of mutations within our genome yet... why does it happen at all? Big thanks to William Norberg for making the custom intro, thumbnail, and some assets for me! Check out his art here: blenderfoto Acknowledgements: -Brady Johnson's method for DNA model - ua-cam.com/video/m7bTEABoAzo/v-deo.html -CVallance Cell model I used -...
Energy Free Cooling through Physics
Переглядів 1,6 млн2 роки тому
Did you know there's a whole branch of material sciences taking advantage of certain quirks of physics to create passive cooling devices? Because I didn't. But hopefully you'll find the science behind it as exciting as I did! Big Thanks to Arny Leroy for taking the time to discuss and answer some questions. Sources/Extra Reading: Quantum Aspects of Light and Matter - www.bu.edu/quantum/notes/Ge...
A Detailed Breakdown of Core Collapse Supernovae
Переглядів 501 тис.2 роки тому
The amount of energy produced from the collapsing core of a massive star is pretty inconceivable. The mechanism that facilitates the creation and distribution of this energy is just as wild. If you're like me you may have heard that Supernovae are the result of stellar masses "bouncing" off the incredibly dense proto-neutron star core. Like many things in this world, reality is far more complic...
Stellar Corpses
Переглядів 157 тис.2 роки тому
As crazy as blackholes are, they are fairly difficult to create. Not every star will collapse and break physics. Before we learn about when and how blackholes form, lets look into the process keeping stars balanced and what separates one stellar corpse from another. Further Reading/Consumption: Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy - Kip Thorne The Life And Death Of Stars - fac...
Why Time "Stops" in a Black Hole
Переглядів 2,8 млн2 роки тому
Blackholes are a breakdown in the equations of spacetime. This means both space and time no longer behave the way we would expect of them. Today we explore the breakdown in time around blackholes and what it means to interact with the event horizon, or the place where time appears to stand still. Further Reading/Consumption: Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy - Kip Thorne Yo...
Conceptualizing Gravity as Curved Spacetime.
Переглядів 87 тис.2 роки тому
Conceptualizing Gravity as Curved Spacetime.
You Cannot Orbit Near Blackholes
Переглядів 683 тис.2 роки тому
You Cannot Orbit Near Blackholes
Fixing the Flaw in Photosynthesis
Переглядів 212 тис.3 роки тому
Fixing the Flaw in Photosynthesis
The Most Important Process on Earth
Переглядів 82 тис.3 роки тому
The Most Important Process on Earth
The Roles of Your Two Brains and the Importance of Communication
Переглядів 52 тис.3 роки тому
The Roles of Your Two Brains and the Importance of Communication
Quickie: Cold Weather Anomalies
Переглядів 12 тис.3 роки тому
Quickie: Cold Weather Anomalies
Why Do We Have Two Brains?
Переглядів 147 тис.3 роки тому
Why Do We Have Two Brains?
We Can Reverse Aging
Переглядів 499 тис.3 роки тому
We Can Reverse Aging
The New Theory of Aging - A Degenerative Disease
Переглядів 703 тис.3 роки тому
The New Theory of Aging - A Degenerative Disease
Dark Matter is as Boring as it is Fascinating
Переглядів 387 тис.3 роки тому
Dark Matter is as Boring as it is Fascinating
How Relativity Redshifts Light - The Relativistic Doppler Shift
Переглядів 96 тис.3 роки тому
How Relativity Redshifts Light - The Relativistic Doppler Shift
The Cosmic Microwave Background and the Observable Universe
Переглядів 61 тис.3 роки тому
The Cosmic Microwave Background and the Observable Universe
The Incomprehensible Scale of 52!
Переглядів 7 млн3 роки тому
The Incomprehensible Scale of 52!
What Causes the El Niño Southern Oscillation?
Переглядів 47 тис.3 роки тому
What Causes the El Niño Southern Oscillation?
Why Alcoholism is a Disease
Переглядів 48 тис.3 роки тому
Why Alcoholism is a Disease

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @RyanErvin-iu6jy
    @RyanErvin-iu6jy 12 годин тому

    Gravity - If you have the universe (one) (Turned toward) and image the "Fields" forming parallel and non-parallel (Vertical & horizontal) "Strings". Now shape a distance between the top left corner and the bottom right corner. Now create a 3-dimensional grid by illustrating Areas from a start and end. Example: (A-Z) + (0-9) + (╛-§) The alpha-beta(alphabet/ABC) is up and down; Numbers are left and right and Symbols are In and out. now pick an area in that space you created and pinch a small radius inwards (implo-wards). Send atoms or particles toward the Collapsed area. The atoms have qubits forming a structure of other particles and atoms. Seeing forces bounce off but also have a repulsing force to deter back to the original formation or path. The universe is a Giant Quantum computer with Positive and negative Gravitons e.g. (+ n -) or (1 n 0). The atom is traveling towards the path it has decided but the path has been altered by "gravity" changing the lines' structure. if we have a "Smart" atom, the atom can change direction by using a separate "repulsive force". Paths are bent inwards forming a Spherical shape by twisting and pulling in the strings. the atom recognizes and constructs a new plan for a path nearby that is still parallel but can also jump over to "avoid" gravitons by the 1s and 0s or Positives and Negatives. Observing this action can also change the outcome as recording what you are observing will send atoms or particles that will change the course or could follow "parallel mirror law" as Quantum mechanics. That law doesn't exist, I just made that up. I just want to explain, Atoms travel through strings like waves on a Frequency. The disturbance in that wave can also change the patterns of an atom by vibrating near the atom itself. Every state of force in the field changes atoms' behavior, proprieties, Speeds, Frequencies, and so on. The interaction between quanta (Quantum) forces and Physa(Physics) forces or Quanta - quanta & Physa - Physa can bump into and "pollinate" the other atom and change the state as sending particles create that very same event. that creates new atoms and new particles. gravitons are a very weak force. Gravity has a distance variable called mass. The bigger the mass the bigger the radius of the "strings" imploded into a solid spherical force. Newton's law of gravity also has this. That only describes the same System as how light travels. but how does everything ripple in the universe? forces from Weak into strong into Neither (quantified). different properties, states, and Forces change and create new properties, states, and Forces. The reason gravity is a phenomenon to humans and other ULS (universal Life species) is because of the manipulation of the Force files of the entire universe. if we can decode gravitons, we can find a way to manipulate the universe's strings of forces. The feet would be no easy task until after understanding how to manipulate the strings in our 3rd-dimensional scape.

  • @bohd3
    @bohd3 День тому

    In computer programing the number 2,147,483,647 is used as the maximum value for integers so saying 52! is equivalent to infinity makes sense to me. I suppose its a perspective thing, a billionaire compared to an average person for instance has infinite money.

  • @pfwhenry
    @pfwhenry День тому

    Didnt explain anything

  • @piratekev
    @piratekev 2 дні тому

    4:40 best explanation I have seen on the "why" matter curves spacetime. I hope they figure out why this displacement happens

  • @HaydenByers-yx1tt
    @HaydenByers-yx1tt 2 дні тому

    So if we need to heat and eccelarate the protons to be able to get them to pass throughthe barrier then why not just put them into a partical eccelarater to gain the speeds and as the partials eccelerate they would heat up and In doing so creating fusion

  • @stanyeaman4824
    @stanyeaman4824 2 дні тому

    The Experimental Fast Breeder Reactor at Dounreay on the north coast of Scotland was built in the 1960s and operated until the 20s. It takes non-fissile U238 and turned it into Pu239, plutonium, which is highly fissile. Natural uranium 6:59 ore, as mined, is only about 0.5% fissile U235, and about 99.5% non-fissile U238. This fast reactor created about 900times more energy than an ordinary U235 reactor. This means the world has huge potential nuclear resources by using the fast reactor process. The waste from this process is negligible.

  • @ZoveRen
    @ZoveRen 2 дні тому

    Да здравствует Санкт-Петербург!

  • @karl-johanb.nielsen8170
    @karl-johanb.nielsen8170 3 дні тому

    No

  • @dfu1685
    @dfu1685 4 дні тому

    Sooooo, how is this different from just regular “shade”? Maybe I didn’t follow but, sounds like snake oil cloth to me.

  • @shakafo00o
    @shakafo00o 5 днів тому

    At this point would we really need all that plastic in cloths? Do we really need to maximize efficiency of said cloth. Would it not be possible to do with just draping cotton canvas over everything?

  • @shakafo00o
    @shakafo00o 5 днів тому

    At this point does it need to be perfect? Could we just loosely put a cloth over our houses to dissipate some of the rays then? Essentially double layer with an air gap.

  • @craigmatheson2736
    @craigmatheson2736 5 днів тому

    I like to listen and learn while I work. This one I'm going to have to go back and actually watch.

  • @06rkave
    @06rkave 5 днів тому

    0:15 bs

  • @missmurrydesign7115
    @missmurrydesign7115 5 днів тому

    So helpful...

  • @animefaction863
    @animefaction863 5 днів тому

    I made this connection through eating. Hey, why do I get energy through eating?

  • @Kayluv101
    @Kayluv101 5 днів тому

    Gravity Is the balance of three forces.. It should be called balance not gravity…They don’t know anything everything they tell you is lie

  • @abhinaym1017
    @abhinaym1017 5 днів тому

    This level of research and content for free feels illegal to someone who pirates stuff, Do you have any pateron or something of that sort? Would be happy to pay whatever I can.

  • @thatrobloxguy
    @thatrobloxguy 6 днів тому

    52! Doesn’t exist: deck of 54 cards: HAHAHAHAHAHAHAAH

  • @PuppetMasterdaath144
    @PuppetMasterdaath144 7 днів тому

    terrence howard has entered the chat lol

  • @vipulpatel-il9nb
    @vipulpatel-il9nb 7 днів тому

    Take a chapter from The Action Lab

  • @ESeth-xb5cu
    @ESeth-xb5cu 7 днів тому

    Wait until he learns about tetration

  • @dirtdiggity1714
    @dirtdiggity1714 8 днів тому

    The number of people in the comments who regard this as some kind of gee whiz future miracle tech, instead of something their own gov hasn't let them have for 50 years, is a national embarrassment and damning indictement of public education under the boot of war secrecy.

  • @minkymott
    @minkymott 8 днів тому

    I'm certain we don't know the first thing about black holes, except of course, that they exist. Manking is so arrogant.

  • @Xizario2
    @Xizario2 8 днів тому

    90% of this video bs and misunderstood physics. It looks like a weekend project by a 12 year old kid.

  • @Ayvengo21
    @Ayvengo21 9 днів тому

    ADSR reactors usually doesn't get enough attention in videos like this but yet it is theoretically possible to make such reactor that would give about 40 times more energy then we will have to pomp into it to operate. Additionally those reactors could burn nearly all possible nuclear waste and even use it as a fuel.

  • @vandalsavage1
    @vandalsavage1 9 днів тому

    Trump

  • @mimwarlick1604
    @mimwarlick1604 10 днів тому

    Yeah…you can. The stars near sag a* do it all the time…

  • @mihaleben6051
    @mihaleben6051 10 днів тому

    7:21 theres like.. 2 free electrons. Why isnt it unstable?

  • @mihaleben6051
    @mihaleben6051 10 днів тому

    6:34 oh so if it breaks the octet rule it just becomes its own atom. Cool.

  • @mihaleben6051
    @mihaleben6051 10 днів тому

    5:00 i once looked at my mouth saliva under a microscope. A lot of purple proteins there. Or maybe they were complexes. None moved.

  • @mihaleben6051
    @mihaleben6051 10 днів тому

    I think because its reactive. Like HCl works because chlorine REALLY likea doing stuff. A halogen. And so does NaOH because sodium is also reactive. But what about H2SO4 ? Because its really not stable. It wants to become H2S which is also a acid because... yeah sulfur just does that. Actually it just rips stuff apart.

  • @billygauthier9512
    @billygauthier9512 10 днів тому

    This video is by far the most informative and absorbable of any I've seen so far! I can't say I fully understand it yet but I don't think most will understand it quickly unless you have a good background in physics.

  • @bqgin
    @bqgin 10 днів тому

    1:07 and yet, we're threatened from every media source we are going to die cause cows fart

  • @MATTHIASPAYAN
    @MATTHIASPAYAN 10 днів тому

    NewJeans mention?? 6:31

  • @blacklight5680
    @blacklight5680 11 днів тому

    Im Not a Science Guy But i have a thought experiment. Can you explain it pease. So imagine a black hole comes near our solar system & And its on course to destroy earth and other planets in a year. So we make a ship to travel near the event horizon to study it. Since time runs ludicrously slow near the event horizion after 6 months 4 years have passed on earth. After studying it we return to earth. So now my question is 4 years have passed and by earths prespective it was destroyed 3 years ago. So on what earth do we arrive. Because in our prespective earth was not destroyed yet.

  • @Knobbler
    @Knobbler 11 днів тому

    Photosynthesis happens in the mitochondrion, which, as we all know, is the nucleus of the cell. All of the genetic code and essential nutrients like water, earth, air, fire and mercury are stored there. A radish is a red type of bird the tastes exactly like a salad. I do put it in my food and when there are 0 radishes nearby, I get really sad. Last time I had 0 radishes, a living skeleton drove to my house in a 2008 Ford Fiesta. He asked me to show him my magnificent radishes, but all I could show him was an empty radish bag in my garage. Radishes are the blood red eyeballs of the gods, they get grown in the ground and are made by oysters in the ocean.

  • @Johnnydidit
    @Johnnydidit 11 днів тому

    Anybody who does not understand what was said in this video needs to go back a few levels and then revisit this video until you understand. This video opened My eyes

  • @what76485
    @what76485 11 днів тому

    I always wondered can something get so hot that it goes into non visible wave lengths? Making it “invisible” to humans.

    • @lepidoptera9337
      @lepidoptera9337 5 днів тому

      No. The luminous intensity in the visible wavelength range keeps increasing as the temperature increases.

  • @tylerfrankel5374
    @tylerfrankel5374 12 днів тому

    I’m wayyyy to high to understand this but the graphics are cool

  • @AneesMuhammed-mb4qz
    @AneesMuhammed-mb4qz 12 днів тому

    Hi Thank you for the very scientific matters glance for us. Can you send me any scientific paper or research about reducing greenhouse temperature for agriculture purpose?

  • @davidh.6930
    @davidh.6930 12 днів тому

    Inhibition is part of the process, the mechanism will need this mistake so the overall system can survive the process. You can only fix this if you have the optimized plant live under optimizer and controlled circumstances. To call a featur a flaw because it is inefficient while ignoring beneficial side effects of that flaw doesn't make you a genius.... I think this is called enzymatic inhibitive coresponse can be wrong but essentially any cascading and or potentially overwhelming enzymatic reaction type in cells has an inhibitive factor integrated..... You find these type of inhibitive coresponse everywhere in cell biology. Natur rarely makes mistakes on these small scales

  • @PlanetPancake67
    @PlanetPancake67 12 днів тому

    0:29 52! jumpscare (very scary!!)

  • @iancormie9916
    @iancormie9916 12 днів тому

    Compared to power produced windmills and solar, everything is cheap.

  • @mannurse7421
    @mannurse7421 13 днів тому

    I thought empress tree had c4 photosynthesis

  • @Desperado070
    @Desperado070 13 днів тому

    Co2 can never be to much in a eco system like the earth. The more Co2 in the air the quicker and bigger the plants will grow which leads to lower Co2 in the air. Even if that plant is a one year grower, its roots alone are already 50% of the plant that will leave the Co2 in the ground. Trees are the best example because they keep all the Co2 as good as forever. Not only that, they only show you the peak and they have no information of from the crusaders time. All of the information they got is useless, they say it is warming but Amsterdam who is bellow sea level has problems with to less water! I wonder how long it has to take until people finally start to use their common sense.

  • @Reiman33
    @Reiman33 13 днів тому

    100% matter to energy conversion gets you what substance? This has to be answersble or the math is conceptually broken. "No substance" isn't an answer "Waste heat" isn't an answer "Light" is incorrect. If there is no "stuff" of energy then the concept is broken.

  • @lemonke8132
    @lemonke8132 14 днів тому

    I saw in a comment you said you were applying machine learning to climate science. I was wondering if it's possible to use a protein folding model (like alpha fold) to engineer an enzyme that would capture and store co2?

  • @KipIngram
    @KipIngram 14 днів тому

    Because that's what yields the correct units. Mass times velocity is a MOMENTUM and not an ENERGY. So IF there is a way to calculate energy from mass, it MUST square the c. Otherwise it just wouldn't be energy at all.

    • @yodaas7902
      @yodaas7902 3 дні тому

      That doesnt automatically lead to mc²

  • @0nlow
    @0nlow 14 днів тому

    писядва

  • @DoneDragon1
    @DoneDragon1 15 днів тому

    I hear C4 leaves are pretty .....explosive